FAQ

To receive a business card in cities, visit your local chambers of commerce and in Tehran, visit Motahari St. in front of Sanai, Tehran Chamber of Commerce of Industries and Mines.

The certificate of origin is a special document, in which the specifications of the origin of the goods and the reliable source or the person who has the authority to issue it, explicitly confirm the connection of the goods subject to the certificate of origin to certain countries.

Commercium

The word customs derived from the root of Commercium, it means trade and exchange of goods. Also it refers to Commerce which in French and English Commerce means rights that are assigned to goods and merchandise, and according to some authors, after the conquest of Constantinople, the Ottoman government took this word from the Greek language and used it with the Turkish pronunciation, that is, Komruk. In Persian, this word is taken from Turkish, and in the treaties of Nader Shah with Sultan Mahmud Khan I, the Ottoman King (1195 AH), the word customs is also mentioned. 

The Customs Cooperation Council has defined customs as follows: Customs is a government organization that is responsible for the implementation of the customs law and the collection of import and export duties and taxes, as well as the import, transit and export of goods.

 According to the law, the following duties are the responsibility of customs:

•  Implementation of the law on customs affairs and its executive regulations and the annual general regulations of export and import and commercial contracts and agreements concluded on a permanent basis.
• Implementation of special laws and regulations related to industrial and special economic free trade zones and border markets whose implementation has been assigned to the Iranian customs.
• Implementation of banking and currency regulations, health regulations and animal and plant quarantines, regulations of the Atomic Energy Organization, standards and industrial research regulations, regulations of the Ministry of Islamic Guidance, regulations of the Ministry of Industries and Mines.
• Application of customs regulations on exemptions and prohibitions.
• Application of laws and regulations related to export promotion and conservation of rare plant and animal species.
• Carrying out customs formalities for temporary import, temporary export, cabotage, internal transit, external transit and return and transfer goods, packages and political parcels and (Free shop).
• Applying customs regulations on open stores as well as international shipments.
• Applying anti-dumping regulations and dealing with international organized crime.
• Applying regulations related to the protection of the society against the entry of goods containing radioactive, polluted, dangerous and harmful substances and destroying the ozone layer.
• Implementation of regulations related to customs violations and smuggling, confiscation and storage of goods and prosecution of the matter.
• Receiving import and export and passenger goods by air, land and sea and maintenance
  Their protection in warehouses and places managed under the supervision of Iranian customs.
• Collection of customs and non-customs duties and fees, which are assigned to Iran customs, and clearance and delivery of the goods to the owner or the legal representative of the owner of the goods.
• Implementation of the regulations related to the right to work in the customs of Iran.
• Carrying out procedures and regulations related to abandoned and confiscated goods.
• Examining the goods release documents in order to verify the correctness of the release conditions and collect the received deficit or refund the received excess.
• Dealing with and resolving disputes arising from the implementation of law and customs regulations.
• Examining and carrying out matters related to the recommendations of the World Customs Organization, as well as the implementation of customs contracts that have been approved by the Islamic Council.
• Examining current customs laws and regulations and preparing corrective plans and methods in order to adapt them to customs requirements and administrative developments.
• Carrying out customs formalities related to border transactions and border exchanges.
• Preparation and regulation of import and export statistics of various goods to the country and the necessary analysis in order to achieve a suitable model in the field of export and import.
• Carrying out the necessary measures regarding the review of the types of imported and exported goods and preparation of reports and economic analysis in order to develop industrial self-sufficiency and to export goods from the country.
• Carrying out the necessary investigations and preparing appropriate reports and proposals in order to resolve existing bottlenecks and problems in order to encourage and develop exports.
• Examining current customs regulations in other countries, especially countries that have similar conditions, in order to use the best systems and technologies available in the world.
• Organizing and proposing the Iranian customs budget and implementing the approved budget.
• Organizing comprehensive programs for the purpose of maintaining and protecting property, both movable and immovable, in order to make optimal use of existing facilities.
• Implementation of regulations related to protecting intellectual property rights, protecting consumers' rights, and preventing people's negligence against the entry of fake and non-original goods.
  
   

Iran Customs is the most original institution that supervises the entry and exit of goods from the country's customs territory    
The main goals of the government in the field of foreign trade are:
Export: development of non-oil exports
• Import: supporting domestic products, earning customs revenues
• Foreign transit: using the geographical advantages of the country to increase transit and facilitate the flow of transit, prevent violations and smuggling under the cover of transit.
Goods Smuggling: Reducing the flow of goods smuggling, various institutions and areas are involved in achieving the above goals. In the field of customs, the objectives of the optimal customs system can be stated in the following paragraphs
Export of goods: Facilitating the flow of exports, determining the correct value, efficiency in providing side facilities such as temporary entry with the purpose of processing for export.
Importing goods: Facilitating the flow of imports, determining the correct tariff, determining the correct value, preventing violations and smuggling under the cover of import
• Passenger's carry-on goods: Facilitating the entry and exit of passengers, preventing violations and smuggling under the cover of passenger's carry-on goods
Goods smuggling cases: increasing the efficiency in the judicial prosecution of smuggling cases, at the same time, achieving a favorable customs system requires observing two issues: One is to facilitate trade and the other is to enforce regulations and fight against violations. Establishing a balance between these two goals can be considered the most important duty of customs management, which is also presented in the form of the following diagram: It may be said that the ultimate goal of the economic transformation plan is to create a suitable environment for business and economic activity, 78 billion dollars in 2016/ in the country. Considering the volume of foreign trade of the country, which is equivalent to about 5 roles of customs in foreign trade (exports-imports-passenger affairs-transit) on one hand and the implementation of commercial and economic policies of the government on the other hand is clarified. In other words, customs can play an important role in creating a suitable business environment in the country, and for this reason, it has been considered as one of the main characters in the economic transformation plan.  
Other reasons for placing customs as one of the axes of the economic transformation plans are:
Customs, as the gateway to foreign trade of the country, is extremely important in the implementation of commercial and economic policies, and its proper performance in this field is effective in all economic activities.
The dependence of the country's production on imported capital goods, raw materials and intermediates on the one hand and the high share of these goods in the country's imports on the other hand highlights the role of customs in facilitating production activities.
According to the export-oriented approach in production based on the fourth economic-social development program of the country, facilitating the affairs related to the export of goods and services in customs will strengthen the export production sectors and achieve the goals of the program.
Due to the increase in the volume of imports and transit, accuracy in the value of goods and according to their correct classification in customs, as well as monitoring and accuracy in transit plays a significant role in earning government revenues.
Regarding the approval and notification of the value added tax law, the evolution of the customs system and the accuracy and speed of the customs services play an undeniable role in the proper implementation of the said law.
Considering the phenomenon of goods smuggling and the need to prevent it, improving the quality of customs activities plays an important role in fighting this phenomenon.

In general, there are 23 conventions in the field of customs activities at the international level, which are listed in Table No. 2 of these conventions along with Iran's membership or non-membership status.
The names of the international customs conventions and agreements of the name of the Iran membership convention
1). (CCC) 1959 Customs Cooperation Council Establishment Convention
2). (HS) International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System 1996
3). International Civil Aviation Convention 1950
4). Agreement of Facilitating exchanges between audio-visual media (Beirut agreement) 1950
5). UNESCO agreement regarding the importation of educational, scientific and cultural materials (Florence Agreement) 1950
6). (CIV) International Convention for the Carriage of Passengers and Baggage by Rail 1966
7). (CIM) Convention on the International Carriage of Goods by Rail 1966
8). (A.T.A) Temporary Entry Convention 1968
9). 1968 Convention on Temporary Entry of Professional Equipment
11). 1968 Convention on Temporary Entry of Packaging Materials
12). 1998 Convention on Facilitating the Entry of Goods to be Offered or Used in Exhibitions, Bazaars, Congresses and Similar Events
13). Convention on customs facilities for tourists
14). Additional protocol for customs facilities for the entry of tourism advertising materials
15). Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance for the Prevention, Investigation and Prevention of Administrative Offenses (Nairobi Convention) 1998
16). (TIR Carnet) Convention on the International Carriage of Goods by Road 1984
17). Paris Convention (Protection of Industrial Property) 1959
18). (WIPO) Establishment Convention of the World Intellectual Property Organization 2000
19). 1954 New York Convention on Carne Dupassage
20). 1946 United Nations Convention on the Exemption of Objects and Agents Officially Used by United Nations Missions and Related Specialized Institutions
21). 1961 Endangered Species Convention
22). 2007 Border Control Coordination Convention
23). Convention related to goods used by consular missions and its implementation (1961 Vienna Convention)
 

The price of the product, its weight and the ratio of these two, the importance of the shipping time and the volumetric weight of the product are effective in decision making. The more the ratio of the value of the product to its weight increases, the more justified it is to transport it by air.  For example, for a computer device with an approximate value of six hundred dollars and an approximate weight of six kilos, this ratio is equal to one hundred, while the same ratio for a computer bag with an approximate value of twenty dollars and a weight of two kilos is equal to ten.
If the time factor in transporting the goods is important or the loss caused by the late arrival of the cargo is greater than the savings resulting from its sea transportation, it is more logical to transport the goods by air.

The main problems and challenges that Iran faces are: Problems related to determining the value of the goods, considering the rapid and daily changes in world prices, the greater diversity in determining the worth of the goods, and their value.

This bias exists for some entrants to declare and pay their entry rights by presenting documents that are not actually worth more than they actually are. As a result, lower entry rights are paid by entrants and makes its possibility more difficult for competition between domestic products and foreign products. The reason for this problem can be searched in the lack of use of technological information (IT), the absence of a system for determining the value of Iran customs, the lack of membership in the conventions on international value, and the existence of a tendency for offending in the country's business community with the purpose of making financial profits that is caused by increased rate of entry rights for most of goods and other benefits like exporting rewards.

Length of time for customs clearance formalities of goods:
The negative consequences of this problem are directed at the country's production and trade sector, which increases their costs by increasing the clearance time of goods. The main problem in this field refers to the way customs interact with other institutions whose presence and approval is necessary for customs procedures. Among these institutions, we can mention Iran's Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, Health and Sanitary Department, Atomic Energy Organization and Quarantines. On the one hand, the incompleteness of the presence of these devices in the customs offices slows down the procedures, and on the other hand, due to the lack of electronic communication between these devices, in addition to delays, issues related to document forgery also arise. Considering the importance of the issue, we will discuss this in detail. 
The multiplicity of customs offices in Iran and their increasing expansion has made the problem of control difficult for the customs authorities. Currently, there are more than 160 customs units in the country, most of which are not justified from a commercial point of view. According to the available information, about 1 percent of about 100 customs / 2.98 percent of the country's total export and import is made from only 66 customs and 8 others. 
The existence of complex administrative procedures and the interpretability of customs laws and procedures and freedom of employees in making decisions. The lack of specialization of the country's customs has increased the possibility and probability of violations and abuses.
Unrealistic classification of goods in rows with lower entry fee rates with the aim of financial benefit and non-payment of government fees.

Smuggling of goods: a series of goods are brought into the country (or out of the country) by collusion and secretly without customs procedures through official customs or under legal procedures such as transit. The number of authorities and policy-making centers in trade-customs affairs, including the Ministry of Commerce, Standard Institute, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Industries, Atomic Energy Organization, Veterinary Organization, Ministry of Jihad and Agriculture, etc…

- The rules and procedures used by each device are different
- Failure to modify the organizational structure, in accordance with the changes and developments that have taken place
- Problems related to employee motivation (including the payment system and the low level of employee training)
- Absence of effective and active presence of customs in the field of policy making of commercial and commercial sectors
- Severe lack of manpower in such a way that despite the 40% increase in the number of customs units compared to 1960 (114 units to 160 units), the number of working manpower has decreased by about 18% (7965 people to 6600 people).
- Failure to equip input and output points with advanced control equipment and tools, despite the increase in the volume of exchanges.

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